Castanopsis costata
(Blume) A DC.
Berangan duri
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Summary
Source: WikipediaCastanopsis costata is a tree in the family Fagaceae. The specific epithet costata is from the Latin meaning 'ribbed', referring to the leaf venation.
Description
A moderate sized tree. It grows 36 m high. The trunk is 80 cm across. The leaves are leathery. There can be rusty brown hairs underneath. The leaves are 11-15 cm long by 3-7 cm wide. Male and female flowers are separate. The male flowering stalks are 9-14 cm long. The male flowers are in clusters of 2-3. The female flowering stalks are 7-12 cm long. The female flowers are in clusters of 3. The fruit cups are almost round. and about 2 cm across. There are 2-3 nuts in each cup. They are cone shaped and up to 2 cm long by 1.5 cm wide.
Edible Uses
Seed - raw or cooked. Roasted in a similar way to chestnuts (Castanea spp.). Used in chocolates and pastries. The conical seed is up to 20mm long and 15mm wide, 2 - 3 of them contained in a spiny seedcoat.
Traditional Uses
The nuts are eaten raw or roasted. They can be used in pastries.
This uses section is brief — help expand it
Distribution
A tropical plant. It grows in lowland forests and up to 1,900 m above sea level. It is often along rivers.
Where It Grows
Asia, Brunei, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaysia, SE Asia, Thailand,
Cultivation
Castanopsis species are generally tolerant of a range of soils, preferably well-drained. They succeed in full sun, though young plants generally grow best in dappled woodland shade. The tree does not respond well to coppicing.
Propagation
Seed - easy to germinate if sown fresh. Self-sown seedlings can be transplanted.
Other Uses
The bark is a source of tannins and can be used as a dye, to weatherproof fibres etc. The branches and stems of many Castanopsis species are used as bed logs in mushroom cultivation. The sapwood is pale yellow. The wood is hard, difficult to work and liable to splitting. The wood is used locally for construction. The wood is a good fuel and can be used to make charcoal.
Other Information
The nuts are often eaten by children.
Notes
There are about 120 Castanopsis species. Many have edible nuts.
Synonyms
Also Known As
Bangan, Berangan, Berangan gunung, Berengan, Ko muu, Tibung
References (11)
- Burkill, I.H., 1966, A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol 1 (A-H) p 493
- Castillo, C., 2013, The Archaeobotany of Khao Sam Kaeo and Phu Khao Thong: The Agriculture of Late Prehistoric Southern Thailand. Ph. D. thesis University College, London p 378
- Hoare, A., 2003, Food use of the Lundayeh SW Sabah. Borneo Research Council.
- Menninger, E.A., 1977, Edible Nuts of the World. Horticultural Books. Florida p 16
- Milow, P., et al, 2013, Malaysian species of plants with edible fruits or seeds and their evaluation. International Journal of Fruit Science. 14:1, 1-27
Show all 11 references Hide references
- Slik, F., www.asianplant.net
- Soepadmo, E. and Saw, L. G., 2000, Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. Forestry Malaysia. Volume Three. p 12
- Suwardi, A. B., et al, 2020, Wild edible fruits generate substantial income for local people of the Gunung Leuser National Park, Aceh Tamiang Region. Ethnobotany Research & Applications 20:11
- Verheij, E. W. M. and Coronel, R.E., (Eds.), 1991, Plant Resources of South-East Asia. PROSEA No 2. Edible fruits and nuts. Pudoc Wageningen. p 324
- Wickens, G.E., 1995, Edible Nuts. FAO Non-wood forest products. FAO, Rome. p 122
- World Checklist of Useful Plant Species 2020. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
