Bridelia retusa

(L.) A. Juss.

Gamble's man, Spinous kino tree

Phyllanthaceae Edible: Fruit Potential hazards — see below 526 iNaturalist observations

iNaturalist· cc-by

iNaturalist· cc-by-nc

Summary

Bridelia retusa is a plant found in Bangladesh, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, southern China, Indochina, Thailand and Sumatra. This is the most common Indian species of Bridelia, found in dry deciduous to moist deciduous forests, mixed forest, riverbanks, rocky places, up to 2,000 m (6,560 ft) in South India, 600 m (1,970 ft) in central and Central-East India, 1,600 m (5,250 ft) on the Himalayas and 1,000 m (3,280 ft) in North-east India. It is found throughout the country excluding Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The bark of the roots is used in traditional medicine.

Description

A deciduous tree. It grows to about 6-20 m high. The bark is greyish and has spines when young. The leaves are alternate and 6-15 cm long by 3.5-8 cm wide. They are oval and leathery. They taper to the tip. The base is rounded. There are many side veins. (15-20 pairs). They are parallel and distinct. The leaves are bright green but turn pink before falling. They are slightly hairy underneath. The flowers have short stalks. They are yellowish. They are clustered in the axils of leaves or at the ends of branches. The fruit has a stone inside. It is round and purplish-black when ripe. It is the size of a pea.

Edible Uses

The fruit is eaten by birds such as hornbills. The flowers are an excellent attractor of butterflies and its leaves are used as fodder.

Traditional Uses

The ripe fruit are eaten raw. They have a salty sour taste.

This uses section is brief — help expand it

Medicinal Uses

The bark is antiviral, hypoglycaemic, hypotensive. The bark contains tannins.

Known Hazards

The bark is used as a poison.

Distribution

A tropical plant. It grows to about 1200 m altitude in Nepal. In India it is common on low hills. It can grow on limestone. In Yunnan.

Where It Grows

Asia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Northeastern India, Pakistan, SE Asia, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam,

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings.

Other Uses

The bark contains 16 - 40% tannins. The dull red wood is close-grained, moderately hard to hard. The wood is of good quality and colour, it is used for construction, railway ties, rafters, posts, and floor-boards; also used for cart-shafts, wheels and agricultural implements. It is suitable for tool-handles and helves. The wood is used for fuel.

Production

In southern India fruit are available March to September.

Other Information

Fruit are sold in local markets.

Notes

There are about 60 Bridelia species.

Synonyms

Andrachne doonkyboisca B.Heyne ex Wall. [Invalid]Bridelia airy-shawii P.T.Li [Illegitimate]Bridelia amoena Wall. ex Baill.Bridelia cambodiana Gagnep.Bridelia chineensis ThinBridelia cinerascens Gehrm.Bridelia crenulata Roxb.Bridelia fordii Hemsl.Bridelia fruticosa Pers.Bridelia hamiltoniana var. glabra Müll.Arg.Bridelia pierrei Gagnep.Bridelia retusa var. glabra Gehrm.Bridelia retusa var. glauca Hook.f.Bridelia retusa var. pubescens Gehrm.Bridelia retusa var. roxburghiana Müll.Arg. [Illegitimate]Bridelia retusa var. squamosa (Lam.) Müll.Arg.Bridelia retusa var. stipulata Gehrm.Bridelia roxburghiana (Müll.Arg.) Gehrm.Bridelia spinosa (Roxb.) Willd.Bridelia squamosa (Lam.) Gehrm.Bridelia squamosa var. meeboldii Gehrm.Clutia retusa L.Clutia spinosa Roxb.Clutia squamosa Lam.

Also Known As

Adamarudu, Akano, Akdana, Asan, Asana, Ashind, Bontha-yepi, Ekadivi, Ekdania, Gauli, Gaya, Gayo, Geio, Goje, Gondui, Hle-kanan, Jhaijhuwa, Kadukaipalam, Kage kaayi, Kaj, Kakai, Kamkui, Kanta-kauchi, Kasai, Kasi, Kassi, Kata kushui, Khais, Khaja, Khasai, Kovehannu, Kuhir, Kumkumi, Kutki, Mak-kawng-tawn, Mangritchok, Mark, Monj, Mukkayini, Mullu-vengai, Pani-kasi, Phaktel lien, Pathor, Pohon gayo, Pow nam, Seik-chi, Seikchi-bo, Suviraka, Teng nam, Thaidaoblib

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