Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica

Brassica rapa is an annual to biennial plant species native to Eurasia that is from the Brassicaceae family. It has been widely cultivated into many forms, including the turnip (a root vegetable), komatsuna, Chinese cabbage, bomdong, pak choi / bok choy, and rapini. Its domesticated forms include turnips and leafy greens, such as bok choy and napa cabbage. The oilseed types are grown for food and industrial uses. Genetic studies indicate that B. rapa was one of the earliest domesticated brassicas, with turnip-like forms arising first and additional morphotypes developing independently across Eurasia. Wild, feral, and cultivated populations are found worldwide, making the species important agriculturally, economically, and ecologically. Brassica rapa subspecies oleifera is an oilseed commonly known as turnip rape, field mustard, bird's rape, and keblock. Rapeseed oil is a general term for oil from some Brassica species. Food grade oil made from the seed of low-erucic acid Canadian-developed strains is also called canola oil, while non-food oil is called colza oil. Canola oil can be sourced from Brassica rapa and Brassica napus, which are commonly grown in Canada, and Brassica juncea, which is less common.

Description

A cabbage family herb. It is an annual or biennial plant. It grows as a dense clump up to 50 cm high. The leaves are bright green and indented. They have long white stems. The flowers have four petals and are yellow. The fruit are "mustard" seed pods. Mibuna has smooth edges.

Edible Uses

The leaves, flowers, and plant as a whole vegetable are edible and used throughout Asia, Australia, China, Hawaii, Japan, and the Pacific.

Traditional Uses

Asia, Australia, China, Hawaii, Japan, Pacific, Tasmania, USA,

This uses section is brief — help expand it

Medicinal Uses

Cultivated varieties of B. rapa are consumed commonly as vegetables, such as turnip roots, napa cabbage, komatsuna, pak choi, and other leafy greens, particularly in East Asian, South Asian, and Mediterranean cuisines. The young leaves are a leaf vegetable eaten raw, while older leaves are typically cooked. The taproot and seeds can also be eaten raw, although the seeds contain an oil that can cause irritation for some people. Rapeseed oil from the plant is also used to make canola and colza oils. B. rapa is also commonly used as a rotational cover crop for vegetables due to its ability to prevent erosion and deter disease. Because of their fast life-cycle and genetic diversity, the B. rapa cultivar Wisconsin Fast Plants is widely used in genetics and plant biology education.

Distribution

It is a temperate plant. They are frost tolerant. They will grow in most soils. They do best in nutrient-rich, well-drained soils. They need plenty of sun.

Production

There are about 30 Brassica species and many cultivated varieties.

Synonyms

Also Known As

Kabuna, Kyona, Lamb's tongue mustard, Shui cai

References (12)

• Bremness, L., 1994, Herbs. Collins Eyewitness Handbooks. Harper Collins. p 235
• Creasy, R., 2000, The Edible Asian Garden. Periplus p 47
• Mansf., Verz. Landwirtsch. u. Gartn. Kulturpfl., Auf. 2, ed. J. Schultze-Motel 1:305. 1986
• Plants for a Future database, The Field, Penpol, Lostwithiel, Cornwall, PL22 0NG, UK. http://www.scs.leeds.ac.uk/pfaf/
• Schneider, E., 2001, Vegetables from Amaranth to Zucchini: The essential reference. HarperCollins. p 320

More from Brassicaceae

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Raphanus sativus var. hortensis

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Raphanus sativus var. niger

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Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis

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Rapistrum rugosum

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