Garuga pinnata

Roxb.

Garuga

Burseraceae Edible: Fruit, Leaves 139 iNaturalist observations

dyefoodfuelmedicinal

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Summary

Garuga pinnata is a deciduous tree species from the family Burseraceae. It occurs in Asia: from the Indian sub-continent, southern China and Indo-China; in Vietnam it may be called dầu heo. No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life.

Description

A tree which loses its leaves during the year. It grows 20-35 m tall. The trunk can be 60-180 cm across. It can have small buttresses. The leaves have leaflets along the stalk. There are 5-9 pairs of leaflets and an odd one. They are 5-15 cm long by 3-6.5 cm wide. They are oval to sword shaped. There are shallow round teeth along the edge. They are slightly hairy. The flowers are yellow in large loose flower clusters at the ends of branches. The fruit is fleshy with a hard covering around the seed. It is round and black. It is sour and edible.

Edible Uses

The ripe fruit are eaten fresh, cooked, or pickled, and are used in fish curries. The leaves are also edible.

Traditional Uses

The ripe fruit are edible but acid. They are eaten fresh, cooked or pickled. They are used in fish curries.

This uses section is brief — help expand it

Distribution

It is a tropical plant. It grows in dense forests. It is a light demanding tree. In Nepal it grows . In India it grows in many parts of the lower hills and plains. In Sikkim it grows between 300-900 m above sea level. In Sichuan and Yunnan.

Where It Grows

Asia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Northeastern India, Pacific, Pakistan, Philippines, SE Asia, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam,

Cultivation

It can be grown from cuttings of large branches. It can also be grown from seed.

Propagation

Seed - Cuttings root readily.

Other Uses

The tree yields a copious clear gum, but it is of little value. The clear, greenish-yellow exudation of this tree, called 'curvambu', contains a small proportion of resin and some oil ; it has a terebinthiaceous odour and taste. The bark is a source of tannins. The sapwood is white, the heartwood reddish-brown. The wood is moderately hard, even-grained. Wood from large trees is rather handsome, the heartwood being used for the manufacture of furniture. Wood from smaller trees is almost all sapwood and of poor quality. It makes a poor fuel. The tree is used as a support for growing pepper plants (Piper nigrum).

Production

It is fast growing. In north India plants flower and fruit March to October.

Notes

There are 4 Garuga species.

Also Known As

Annakkara, Armu daru, Armu, Arnelli, Arunelli, Aule dabadabe, Bombok, Bung-bu-tuai-ram, Bungbutuairam, Chinyok, Chokka gota, Dabdabe, Dabdabey, Dieng-khiang, Engla, Garugudu, Gendeli poma, Ghogar, Godda, Halabalagi, Jum, Kaikar, Kakad, Kakaro, Kaked, Kakkad, Kandwer, Karre vembu, Karur, Kattu-kalinjan, Kharpat, Khusimb, Kosramba, Kudak, Kuruk, Mai-kham, Mohi, Mokot, Neura, Nil bhadi, Rohimala, Sarota, Sarupatri, Sinyok, Sompotri, Taesap, Thotmola, Toom, Tram mao, Tum kharpat

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Bajpai, O., et al, 2015, Tree species of the Himalayan Terai region of Uttar Pradesh, India: a checklist. Check List 11(4): 1718
Bohra, N., et al, 2017, Ethnobotany of wild edible plants traditionally used by the local people in the Ramnagar regions from Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India. Biolife 5(1): 12-19
Bole, P.V., & Yaghani, Y., 1985, Field Guide to the Common Trees of India. OUP p 47

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