Parinari capensis
Harv.
Sand apple, Dwarf mabolo
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(c) Richard Gill, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Richard Gill
Summary
Source: WikipediaParinari capensis, the sand apple, is a species of flowering plant in the family Chrysobalanaceae. It is found in Botswana, DRC, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. It is 20 centimetres (7.9 in) tall. The leaves are elliptic with a white underside. It has small white flowers and a hairy sand-coloured calyx.
Description
A shrub. It has underground stems. These are woody and up to 1 cm thick. This forms a branching network. Aerial stems arise from these. These can be 20 cm high. There are a few erect leaves. The leaf blade is sword shaped and 8 cm long by 1.5 cm wide. The lower surface has a white felt. The flowers are in loose clusters. They are cream coloured. The fruit is oval and fleshy. They are 1.8 cm long and have one seed. The fruit has a strong smell.
Edible Uses
The sweet outer layer of the fruit is eaten fresh or buried in sand to soften, and can be dried into a soft cake. The juice is consumed fresh or boiled to a firm consistency. Crushed kernels are eaten as a relish with meat, and the fruit is used to make beer.
Traditional Uses
The sweet outer layer of the fruit is eaten. It is buried in the sand to become ready to eat. It can be dried and eaten as a soft cake. It is also used to make beer. Juice of the fruit can be drunk fresh or boiled to a firm consistency. The crushed kernels are eaten as a relish with meat.
Distribution
A tropical plant. It grows amongst rocks and in sand and clay soils. It can be in seasonally flooded grassland. It grows between 900-1,200 m above sea level. In Zimbabwe it grows between 1,200-1,600 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. It grows in poor savannah soils.
Where It Grows
Africa, Angola, Botswana, Central Africa, Congo DR, East Africa, Eswatini, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Southern Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
Cultivation
Plants are grown from seeds. The ripe fruit are buried and the flesh allowed to rot,. Then the seed is put in boiling water that is then allowed to cool and soak for 12 hours. Root suckers can also be used.
Notes
There are about 50 Parinari species. They grow in the tropics.
Nutrition
| Part | Moisture | kJ | kcal | Protein | Vit A | Vit C | Iron | Zinc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nuts | 1.9 | 2919 | 698 | 26.3 | — | — | 4.7 | 3.7 |
Synonyms
Also Known As
Axani, Ekokofi, Hachapasi, Ikia, Imvimbandhlebe, Isagogwane, Isitshapasi, Itchwakudi, Kapundubusushi, Mbola-oa-fase, Mmola, Mmolofasane, Molahatsia, Mubulu, Muchakatapasi, Muchkatapasi, Muhachapasi, Muhacha kwa pasi, Ncha, Nonsani, Nsansi, Nsudi nfuni, Ntadapalivu, Omukokofi, Sagogwane, Salaki, Salakia, Salakakizu, Shashi, Tamelassoli, Tshivhulafhasi, Tshivhulana, Umbula, Umkhuna, Umvalandhlebe
References (28)
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- Facciola, S., 1998, Cornucopia 2: a Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, p 78
- FAO, 1988, Traditional Food Plants, FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 42. FAO Rome p 381
- Fowler, D. G., 2007, Zambian Plants: Their Vernacular Names and Uses. Kew. p 18
- Fox, F. W. & Young, M. E. N., 1982, Food from the Veld. Delta Books. p 153
Show all 28 references Hide references
- Jardin, C., 1970, List of Foods Used In Africa, FAO Nutrition Information Document Series No 2.p 152 p 153 (As Parinari latifolia), p 35 (As Parinari pumila)
- Latham, P & Mbuta, A., 2017, Useful Plants of Central Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Volume 2. Salvation Army p 85
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- Long, C., 2005, Swaziland's Flora - siSwati names and Uses http://www.sntc.org.sz/flora/ (As subsp. incohata)
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- Wehmeyer, A. S, 1986, Edible Wild Plants of Southern Africa. Data on the Nutrient Contents of over 300 species
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