Oryza rufipogon

Griff.

Wild rice, Red rice

Poaceae Edible: Seeds, Cereal 54 iNaturalist observations

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Summary

Oryza rufipogon is a species of flowering plant in the family Poaceae. It is known as brownbeard rice, wild rice, and red rice. In 1965, Oryza nivara was separated off from O. rufipogon. The separation has been questioned, and now many sources consider O. nivara to be a synonym of O. rufipogon. O. nivara may be treated as the annual form of O. rufipogon. It is native to East-, Southeast- and South- Asia. It has a close evolutionary relation to Oryza sativa, the plant grown as a major rice food crop throughout the world. Oryza nivara is a possible wild progenitor of cultivated rice. Both have an AA genome.

Description

It is wild rice. It is a creeping grass. It has swollen roots. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows 2.5 m high. The flowers are light brown. They are in panicles 13-25 cm long.

Edible Uses

The seeds are eaten like rice—dried, hulled, and cooked. The plant serves as a reserve and famine food in times of scarcity.

Traditional Uses

The seeds are eaten like rice. They are dried, have the skins removed and are then cooked. It is used as a reserve and famine food.

This uses section is brief — help expand it

Distribution

It is a tropical plant. It grows on the edges of ponds or floating on water. It grows in wetlands. In southern China it grows below 700 m above sea level. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level.

Where It Grows

Argentina, Asia, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Colombia, Guiana, Guianas, Guyana, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pacific, Papua New Guinea, PNG, Paraguay, Philippines, SE Asia, South America, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Taiwan, Thailand, Venezuela, Vietnam,

Cultivation

Because it shatters, poor people tie the awns together to collect the grain.

Propagation

Seed. The seed of wild rice less than 12 months old often exhibits strong dormancy, which implies (though this has not been established) that the seed retains its viability for a considerable period. Heat treatment is generally effective in breaking dormancy - alternating temperatures between 34°c for 16 hours then 11°c for 8 hours is usually effective, though the time taken varies between species. Surface sow the seed in light shade and do not allow to dry out. Seed should germinate within 7 days at 30°c. Prick out 2 - 3 seedlings into individual pots when large enough to handle and, after a few days, move to a sunny position. Grow on until large enough to plant out.

Other Uses

Because they are a source of resistance to or tolerance of biotic and abiotic stresses, the most important use of the various species of wild rice is probably in breeding programmes to improve the species of cultivated rice.

Production

In Rajasthan in India, seed are produced in September to November.

Other Information

It is a wild plant. It is cultivated.

Notes

There are about 20 Oryza species. This is a diploid species with AA genome.

Synonyms

Oryza fatua Koen. ex Trin.Oryza glumaepatula Steud.Oryza nivara S. D. Sharma & ShastryOryza sativa var. fatua PrainOryza sativa var. rufipogon WattOryza sativa var. coarctata WattOryza sativa var. abuensis Wattand others

Also Known As

Anrol, Arroz-do-brejo, Balunga, Capim-arroz, Dev bhat, Devdhan, Jangli-Dhan, Jhara, Kalule, Karga, Karnga, Kaung-hnyin-saba, Nga-papgyi, Nirvari, Nivaru, Pasi, Sra gnae, Tharsod, Uri, Zhora dhan

References (35)

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BARC, 2016, State of Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council.
Bengal pl. 2:1184. 1903 (As Oryza sativa var. fatua)
Bortolotto, I. M., et al, 2015, Knowledge and use of wild edible plants in rural communities along Paraguay River, Pantanal, Brazil. Journal or Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 11:46 (As Oryza glumaepatula)

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