Coptis trifolia

(L.) Salisb.

Goldthread, Cankerroot, Coptis, Yellowroot

Ranunculaceae Edible: Leaves 19,587 iNaturalist observations

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Summary

Coptis trifolia, commonly known as the threeleaf goldthread or savoyane, is a perennial plant in the family Ranunculaceae native to North America.

Description

A small evergreen plant. It grows 8-15 cm high. It forms low mats. The roots are slender and a golden colour. The leaves are shiny and have 3 leaflets. The flowers occur singly and are saucer shaped. They are white.

Edible Uses

The whole plant is said to be edible. It can also be combined with sassafras-root bark and Irish moss and brewed into a herbal root beer, to which it contributes a bitter flavour and a yellow colour. Some caution is advised due to the plant's toxicity.

Traditional Uses

The bitter roots have been eaten. They are also used to flavour beer. The plant is mixed with sassafras-root bark, and Irish moss and made into a herbal beer.

Medicinal Uses

Goldenthread is a very bitter herb formerly highly valued and widely used in North America by native Indians and settlers alike, though it is little used in modern herbalism. It was employed mainly to treat soreness in the mouth. The dried roots, stems and leaves are antiphlogistic, highly astringent, sedative, stomachic and tonic. The plant is valued as a local application for thrush in children and is also used for ulcerated mouths and as a gargle for sore throats. It is said to be useful for dyspepsia and helpful in combating the drink habit. The plant contains the alkaloid berberine, which is a mild sedative, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. The root is collected in autumn and dried for later use.

Distribution

It is a temperate plant. It suits cool, moist situations. It can grow in swamps. It is resistant to frost but damaged by drought.

Where It Grows

Alaska, Arctic, Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, Greenland, Iceland, Japan, North America*, USA,

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by division.

Propagation

Seed is best sown in a greenhouse as soon as it is ripe, using an ericaceous compost. Seal the pot in a polythene bag until germination occurs, typically within 1–6 months at 10°c. Stored seed should be sown as early in the year as possible; four weeks of cold stratification may improve germination. Prick seedlings into individual pots when large enough to handle and grow on in a shady part of the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant out in mid-autumn or spring. The plant can also be divided in spring.

Other Uses

A yellow dye is obtained from the leaves and stems. The plant can also be grown as ground cover in the peat garden.

Notes

There are about 8 Coptis species. The yellow die from the roots is used as a tonic.

Synonyms

Coptis groenlandica

References (6)

Facciola, S., 1998, Cornucopia 2: a Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, p 190
MacKinnon, A., et al, 2009, Edible & Medicinal Plants of Canada. Lone Pine. p 252
Plants for a Future database, The Field, Penpol, Lostwithiel, Cornwall, PL22 0NG, UK. http://www.scs.leeds.ac.uk/pfaf/
Slocum, P.D. & Robinson, P., 1999, Water Gardening. Water Lilies and Lotuses. Timber Press. p 113
Tanaka,

Show all 6 references