Cissus quadrangularis
L.
Edible stemmed vine
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Summary
Source: WikipediaCissus quadrangularis is a perennial plant of the grape family. It is commonly known as veldt grape, winged treebine or adamant creeper. The species is native to tropical Asia, the Arabian Peninsula and much of Africa.
Description
A climber with a fleshy four angled stem. It grows to 3 m long. It can be 10 m long. Leaves only occur on young shoots and the rest of the plant is leafless. The plant has tendrils by which it attaches to objects. These are opposite the leaves. The inner branches are thinner with a wavy edge, and these are constricted at the nodes. The leaves occur at the nodes. The leaves are simple, rounded and have teeth around the edges. Sometimes the leaves have 3 lobes. Leaves can be 20 cm long. The flowers are arranged in clusters. They are small and green or yellow. These clusters can be 5 cm long. The fruit is red to black and round. It can be 10 mm across.
Edible Uses
Young green stems are cooked, usually fried or curried. The leaves and young shoots are used in the preparation of poppadoms and curries. The fruit is edible. The ash of the plant is used as a substitute for baking powder.
Traditional Uses
Young leaves and shoots are used in curries. They are also used in the preparation of papadams. Fresh stem pieces are pickled. The stems can be stored for 10 days. The fruit are eaten. The seeds are used for cooking oil. The ash of the plant is used as a substitute for baking powder.
Medicinal Uses
An infusion of the plant is antifungal and anthelmintic. The pulped stem is given in the treatment of asthma, used as an alterative in cases of amenorrhoea, and given in the treatment of haemorrhoids. The leaves or young stems are analgesic and speed the rate of healing; they are crushed and applied as a poultice to ease pain from broken bones, for the maturation of boils, to treat wounds and burns, to ease rheumatic joint pain, and as a treatment for saddle sores on horses. Powdered dry roots are used for treating indigestion. The powdered root is considered a specific treatment for fractured bones.
Distribution
A tropical plant. It occurs in the Ethiopian highlands. The minimum temperature is 15°C. In Thailand it occurs in forests and coastal regions. It grows in the hottest part of India. It grows in hot arid places. It grows between sea level and 1,950 m above sea level. It grows in woodland and savannah. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
Where It Grows
Africa, Angola, Arabia, Asia, Australia, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central Africa, Central African Republic, CAR, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, East Africa, Egypt, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Guinée, Guinea-Bissau, Hawaii, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Middle East, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nigeria, North Africa, Northeastern India, Pacific, Pakistan, Philippines, SE Asia, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Southern Africa, Sri Lanka, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, USA, Vietnam, West Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
Cultivation
A plant of drier to arid regions, mainly in the lowland tropics and frost-free subtropics, though it can also be found at elevations over 2,000 metres. The plant is intolerant of any frost. Succeeds in full sun to light shade. Succeeds in most soils but prefers a loam.
Propagation
Layers very easily. Also easily grown from stem cuttings.
Other Uses
The plant is sometimes grown to stabilize sand dunes and can be trained to form a hedge. The stems and roots yield a strong fibre.
Notes
It has a number of medicinal uses. There are about 200-350 Cissus species. There are about 75 species in tropical America.
Nutrition
| Part | Moisture | kJ | kcal | Protein | Vit A | Vit C | Iron | Zinc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stems | — | 37 | 1.2 | — | — | 2.1 | — | — |
Synonyms
Also Known As
Ali'e, Arugani, Asthisanhara, Athuku bachali, Bohocenou, Chaudhari, Chodhari, Chophi, Choudhari, Daddori, Hadijod, Hadjod, Hadjodi, Hadjora, Haraslata, Harbhanga, Harjora, Harsankari, Harzora, Hasjora, Itachovani, Kaktus manjat, Kan kaw, Kand-vel, Kandra, Karsankari, Kashikafa, Khandvel, Kiritti, Lidzambiso, Mabope, Mafumo, Mangaroli, Mangaroli, Mhais-vel, Murunjurunju, Muvengahonye, Nalleru, Naralai, Nofon, Nullerootigch, Patah tulang, Perandai keerai, Pirandai, Purundei codie, Renja, Renjam Itachovani, Repich-ingthun, Sam-roi-taw, San chakat, Shazaung-let-set, Sihlonhlwane, Suncaro, Umhlafutu, Vajravalli, Vedhari, Veldt-grape, Winged treebine
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