Artocarpus chama

Buch.-Ham.

Chaplash

Moraceae Edible: Fruit, Seeds, Vegetable, Bark 32 iNaturalist observations

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Summary

Artocarpus chama is a tree in the family Moraceae: a wild species of the breadfruit/jackfruit genus (Artocarpus) and may be referred to as the 'chaplaish'; its Vietnamese name is mít nài (also used for other forest species). Distribution records are from: Yunnan China, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sikkim and Thailand.

Description

A tree. It loses its leaves during the year. It grows 40 m tall. The bark is grey to brown. It peels off in flakes. The leafy growths (stipules) at the base of the leaves are oval and 2.5 cm long. These are yellow and hairy. The leaves are oval and 14-23 cm long by 9-14 cm wide. Young leaves are divided. The flowers occur singly in the axils of leaves. The male heads are roundish and 1.5-3 cm by 1-3 cm. The female heads have hairy bracts. The fruit is almost round and 6-10 cm across. The seeds are 7 mm long by 4 mm wide. The fruit are edible.

Edible Uses

The ripe fruits are eaten raw and are sweet, and can also be used in pickles. Young fruits are eaten as a vegetable. The seeds are parboiled, fermented, and baked before eating. Fruits are sold in local markets.

Traditional Uses

The seeds are parboiled then fermented and baked before eating. The young fruits are eaten as a vegetable. The ripe fruit are eaten raw. They are sweet. They are also used in pickles.

Distribution

A tropical plant. It needs a well marked monsoonal climate. It needs a rainfall of at least 2000 mm per year. It grows in the Chittagong hills in Bangladesh. It grows in Yunnan in China.

Where It Grows

Andamans, Asia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Northeastern India, SE Asia, Thailand, Vietnam,

Cultivation

A plant of the moist to wet tropics where there is a distinct dry season, it is found at elevations up to 1,650 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 22 - 32°c, but can tolerate 10 - 40°c. It prefers a mean annual rainfall in the range 3,000 - 4,000mm, but tolerates 2,000 - 5,500mm. Mature trees grow best in full sun or light shade, though younger trees require some shade. Grows best in a fertile, medium to heavy, well-drained soil. Prefers a pH in the range 5 - 6.5, tolerating 4 - 7.5. Wood production may be 15 - 40 cubic metres per hectare per year.

Other Uses

The plant yields a tenacious, milky latex. The yellowish or brownish wood is light in weight, fairly hard, easily worked. A good quality wood, it is used to manufacture carriage wheels, tea boxes, packing cases etc. It is also used in construction, joinery, turnery, sculpture. When making furniture, it can give better results than Teak. The plant is a source of terap timber. The general description of terap is as follows:- The heartwood is yellow to pale brown; it is usually not differentiated from the sapwood. The texture is moderately coarse to coarse and even; the grain is interlocked. The wood is non-durable under tropical conditions. It seasons fairly slowly, with high shrinkage and slight bowing, cupping and checking. It is generally easy to work; saws well; planes easily but leaves a rough finish on radial surfaces; bores and turns easily, but leaves a rough finish;nailing property is good; can be peeled satisfactorily and is suitable for plywood production. Locally, the wood is used for light construction, for making boxes, crates, wooden pallets and veneer. The wood is sometimes nicely figured and therefore is suitable for decorative purposes like furniture, joinery and panelling.

Production

In India plants flower and fruit March to August.

Other Information

Fruit are sold in local markets.

Notes

There are about 50 Artocarpus species. They are in the tropics and subtropics of Asia and the Pacific.

Synonyms

Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb.Artocarpus melinoxylus Gagnep.Ficus chrysophthalma (Miq.) Miq.Urostigma chrysopthalmum Miq.

Also Known As

Chamal, Chambal, Cham kathal, Chamin gulo, Chaplash, Chattim, Dieng-soh-ram, Heirukothong, Jaremjang, Jarm, Jram, Knorprey, Lutta, Mit rung, Panoh-deh, Phong, Sam, Sonapati chaam, Tak sam schein, Tatkawng, Taung-peinne, Thaingpeinne, Toung-peing-nai, Vivoi, Ye shu bo luo

References (36)

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Angami, A., et al, 2006, Status and potential of wild edible plants of Arunachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 5(4) October 2006, pp 541-550
Arora, K., Indigenous Forest Management in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. (As Artocarpus chaplasha)
Baishya, S. Kr., et al, 2013, Survey of Wild Edible Fruits of Dhubri District, Assam, India. Plant Archives Vol 13 (1): 155-158 (As Artocarpus chama)
BARC, 2016, State of Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council. (As Artocarpus chaplasha)

Show all 36 references

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