Ziziphus rugosa
Lam.
iNaturalist· cc-by-sa
(c) Dinesh Valke, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)
iNaturalist· cc-by-sa
(c) Dinesh Valke, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)
Summary
Source: WikipediaZiziphus rugosa is a species of tree in the family Rhamnaceae. It is a wild fruit. The tree is native to hills and mountains below 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) altitude, in China (Hainan, Yunnan), India, Laos, Burma, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. The berry-sized fruit is known in India as zunna berry, chunna fruit or churna fruit. Its bark and wood are used medicinally for dysentery in Laos. The population of Western Ghats in India collect the fruits (berries) for self consumption and sale. The berries are popularly known as 'Toran'तोरण in Marathi language.
Description
A shrub or small tree. It grows to about 5 m high. It can be a straggler and loses it leaves during the year. The bark is dark grey. It is deeply cracked into thick rectangular scales. The leaves have stalks. They are 5.5-13 cm long by 3-11 cm wide. They are almost round or oval with teeth. They are dark green above. They are thick grey or rusty colour and like felt underneath. They are obliquely rounded at the base. The flowers are yellowish. The occur in long panicles at the ends of branches or in the axils or leaves. The fruit is fleshy with a hard covering over the seed. The fruit is round or pear shaped. It is 5-8 mm across and white when ripe.
Edible Uses
Fruit - raw or cooked. Both ripe and unripe fruits are eaten. The orange to black, obovoid-globose or subglobose fruit is 9 - 12mm long and 8 - 10mm wide.
Traditional Uses
The mealy pulp of the ripe fruit is eaten raw. They are also used for curries.
This uses section is brief — help expand it
Medicinal Uses
The bark is astringent. A paste made from the bark is applied as a poultice on swollen gums and to toothaches. The flowers, combined with an equal quantity of the petioles of betel leaves and half as much lime is used to make a pill that is used in the treatment of menorrhagia. The stems and the fruit are hypotensive. The triterpene saponins isolated from the bark showed CNS depressant, tranquilizing and analgesic without producing hepatotoxicity. The cyclopeptide alkaloids of the plant show antibacterial as well as antifungal activity
Distribution
A tropical plant. In Nepal plants grow to 1200 m altitude. It grows on the Deccan in India. In Yunnan.
Where It Grows
Asia, Bangladesh, China, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Northeastern India, Pakistan, SE Asia, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam,
Cultivation
Plants are grown from seed or root suckers.
Propagation
Seed - remove the flesh from around the seed then soak the seed in cold water for 6 hours. Cover the seed in seedling trays with a thin layer of river sand and keep moist. Seeds usually germinate in 2 - 3 weeks with a minimum of 75% germination. Seedlings transplant easily into black nursery soil but they have long taproots and care should be taken not to damage them. Division of root suckers.
Other Uses
The branches are used for making fences. The wood is used for fuel.
Production
In southern India plants fruit is April to May.
Nutrition
| Part | Moisture | kJ | kcal | Protein | Vit A | Vit C | Iron | Zinc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruit | — | — | — | — | 35 | 23.9 | 3.7 | — |
| Fruit | 60.1 | — | — | 0.6 | — | 21.3 | — | — |
Synonyms
Also Known As
Anneri, Bata bakuri, Bayer, Bili soori hannu, Bon bogori, Bonbokuri, Bon-boroi, Churan, Churna, Dawanra, Dhaura, Dumakpul, Dung-soh-lang-khrithad, Elachi, Gamarai, Ghatbor, Jangli boroi, Kattilandai, Kattilanthai, Kottai, Kottaipazham, Kottamaram, Mak-kok, Myauk-zi, Malantutali, Ora bukuri, Pinduparighamu, Poran, Rug boroi, Sammankaw, Sekra, Simu koli, Taw-zi, Thodali, Tinkoli, Todali, Toran, Yumrang bogori, Zi-ganauk, Zi-talaing
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